Optimizing test automation maintenance can be achieved by following best practices such as the test pyramid, using a layered approach in the test automation framework, and collaborating between development and QA. Implementing custom DSLs can simplify and streamline the test automation code, and combining this with logging and exception handling at each layer helps to effectively debug test automation failures. Environmental sanitization is a critical aspect that cannot be overlooked as it can reduce the effort needed for test automation maintenance. When transitioning from in-house machines to cloud or containerized playback, it’s essential to ensure that the test environment is correctly set up. In summary, test automation maintenance can be optimized by adopting clean coding practices, considering upstream test automation impacts by collaborating with development and QA, and being adaptable to new technologies and environments.