Operational and analytical estates have been separated since data warehouses were first introduced in the 1990s. The operational estate includes microservices, software-as-a-service (SaaS) apps, and enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs) that have become the beating heart of an organization. The analytical estate consists of the data warehouses, lakehouses, artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) platforms, and other custom batch workloads that support business analysis and reporting.